Purpose: Fluoroscopy is the standard imaging modality used to guide hip surgery and is therefore a natural sensor for computer-assisted navigation. In order to efficiently solve the complex registration problems presented during navigation, human-assisted annotations of the intraoperative image are typically required. This manual initialization interferes with the surgical workflow and diminishes any advantages gained from navigation. In this paper we propose a method for fully automatic registration using anatomical annotations produced by a neural network. Methods: Neural networks are trained to simultaneously segment anatomy and identify landmarks in fluoroscopy. Training data is obtained using a computationally-intensive, intraoperatively incompatible, 2D/3D registration of the pelvis and each femur. Ground truth 2D segmentation labels and anatomical landmark locations are established using projected 3D annotations. Intraoperative registration couples a traditional intensity-based strategy with annotations inferred by the network and requires no human assistance. Results: Ground truth segmentation labels and anatomical landmarks were obtained in 366 fluoroscopic images across 6 cadaveric specimens. In a leave-one-subject-out experiment, networks trained on this data obtained mean dice coefficients for left and right hemipelves, left and right femurs of 0.86, 0.87, 0.90, and 0.84, respectively. The mean 2D landmark localization error was 5.0 mm. The pelvis was registered within 1° for 86% of the images when using the proposed intraoperative approach with an average runtime of 7 seconds. In comparison, an intensity-only approach without manual initialization, registered the pelvis to 1° in 18% of images. Conclusions: We have created the first accurately annotated, non-synthetic, dataset of hip fluoroscopy. By using these annotations as training data for neural networks, state of the art performance in fluoroscopic segmentation and landmark localization was achieved. Integrating these annotations allows for a robust, fully automatic, and efficient intraoperative registration during fluoroscopic navigation of the hip.